Are Coneflowers Annual, Biennial, or Perennial Plants?
Thinking of planting coneflowers in your garden, but want to make sure they'll return each year? In this article, gardening expert Jill Drago examines the lifecycle of the coneflower, and if they are considered annual, biennial, or perennial plants.
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When you are planning a garden, lots of thought goes into choosing the correct plants for your space. You could be focused on one color or a specific style. Typically gardeners like to have something blooming in their gardens at each point in the growing season. This often requires the addition of annuals into your perennial gardens.
So what about coneflowers? Coneflowers have brightly colored daisy-like flowers that can fill sunny gardens in a short period of time. Will they return each year, or do you need to purchase and replant more coneflowers next year?
Have you decided to add coneflowers to your garden but want to know more about their growth habits and how to take care of them? Let’s learn a little more about coneflowers and whether they are considered annual, biennial, or perennial plants. You’ll also learn how you can incorporate them into your gardens. Let’s dig in!
The Quick Answer
Coneflowers or Echinacea purpurea and other species of the Echinacea genus are considered herbaceous perennials. This means you plant them once. After blooming, they will go dormant in the winter and will return in the spring.
There are ten main coneflower species with countless varieties. Coneflowers gained popularity for their purple, pink, and white varieties. This perennial has also been hybridized for color, and you can now find coneflowers in almost every color under the sun.
Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
To fully understand what it means for a plant to be a perennial, it is good to know about the other categories of plants and about their life cycles.
Annual
Annual plants will typically live for just one growing season. Depending on the plant, they will either die off in extreme heat or after the frost hits. These plants, such as geraniums or petunias, tend to be more showy and come in various bright colors across many species. Some perennial plants are treated as annuals, depending on the climate.
Biennial
Biennials last for two growing seasons. They will typically flower during both seasons and produce their seed in the second season. An example of a popular biennial would be Delphinium.
Perennial
Perennials come back each year and are the backbone of the garden. These plants may not live forever, but they are worth the investment and usually last at least five years. Catmint and hosta are perennials.
Hardiness Zones
Coneflowers have a broad hardness range. These perennials are hardy from zones 3-8. These plants are very resilient and can tolerate both heat and moderate temperatures very nicely.
Growing Coneflower
Growing these brightly colored perennials in your garden is very simple. These colorful perennials love to be planted in full sun and in well-draining soil. Full sun is six hours of sun or more, and well-draining soil can retain moisture without becoming swampy.
Plant in the spring or the fall when the soil is easy to work with and the temperatures are warm but not hot. If you plant in the middle of the summer, you run the risk of your coneflower suffering from transplant shock.
Adding mulch to your garden can help the coneflowers to retain moisture. These natives are relatively drought resistant once they have established themselves in your garden, which can take up to a year.
Coneflowers will benefit from a spring application of fertilizer. They do not require any special type of fertilizer. A basic formula such as Espoma Plant-tone will work perfectly. Whichever fertilizer you choose, follow the label instructions to ensure your plants are getting just the right amount.
These beautiful perennials bloom early in the season and will flower well into fall, but all good things must come to an end. Deadhead the spent flowers of your coneflowers to encourage more blooming and also to stop the seeds from self-sowing into your garden. They can also benefit from the occasional light pruning. When the season winds down, cut the stems and leaves of the plant to within a few inches of the ground.
Annual Look-alikes
If you love the look of coneflower but don’t live in the best areas to grow it as a perennial, or maybe you don’t want to invest time in perennials and want to add some brightly colored flowers to your containers or window boxes, here are a few ideas for you!
African Daisy
- Hardy in zones 10 and 11, grown as an annual everywhere else
- Loves full sun
- Blooms in Spring, Summer, and Fall
- Try ‘Soprano White’ for a true daisy appearance.
Cosmos
- Varieties are hardy in zones 2-11, but all grow well as annuals
- Thrives in the full sun
- Continually blooms from summer through fall
- The ‘Sea Shells’ series is a pretty pink combination that instantly beautifies your garden!
Gerbera Daisy
- Hardy in zones 8-10 and grows as an annual in other zones
- Will grow happily in full to partial sun
- Blooms in summer through the fall
- Try the light pink variety ‘Garvinea Classic Jasmina’
Strawflower
- Hardy in zones 8-10, annual elsewhere
- Grows best in full to partial sun
- Blooms in the Spring, Summer, and Fall
- Try ‘Cottage Bronze’ for an orange alternative
Sunflower
- Grows well in zones 2-11 as an annual
- Loves the full sun
- Blooms summer through fall
- ‘Italian White’ is a perfect annual substitute for coneflowers
Zinnia
- Grows well in zones 3-10 as an annual flower
- Loves the full sun
- Blooms in Spring, Summer, and Fall
- Try ‘Profusion Cherry’
Final Thoughts
Now that we have covered that coneflowers are considered perennial plants in most hardiness zones, I’m sure you’ll be able to find plenty of places for them in your garden. To know a coneflower is to love a coneflower. With little effort from you, your gardens can be filled with beautiful, brightly colored flowers in no time and for many years to come.
