How to Design a Wheelchair-Accessible Garden Path

One of the most important parts of designing accessible gardens is path-making. While the paths you create have aesthetic appeal, they should also be functional. Accessibility to all the parts of a garden is essential.

Having an outdoor space that is inviting to every visitor is important! In this piece, we’ll cover what a wheelchair-accessible garden path is and what material works best for a wheelchair-friendly garden.

These sorts of considerations are especially important in gardens in public spaces. Ensuring pathways are accessible to people who travel by foot and by wheelchair is not only in line with accommodation guidelines, but it will also help you create an inclusive space.

What Makes a Path Accessible?

Accessible pathways are useful to people with varying abilities. They accommodate a wide range of capacities and preferences. They’re easy to use and understand, and those who traverse the pathways know what their function is just by sensing them.

Accessible pathways minimize the risk of accidents. They can be navigated easily and efficiently with minimum fatigue. They’re made of the appropriate material at the appropriate size.

They consider use in terms of approach, manipulation, and reach regardless of the ability of the person on the pathway. 

Wheelchair-Accessible Garden Path Materials

One of the most important aspects of an accessible pathway is what the pathway is made of. There are benefits and disadvantages to different materials. Some provide better support for people who use a wheelchair for mobility.

What material you choose for your wheelchair-accessible garden path has a bearing on the overall design of your garden. 

Gravel

When it comes to wheelchair accessibility, not all rocks are equal. Crushed, washed gravel is fine for a wheelchair user, assuming the pieces aren’t too large to prohibit ease of motion. Medium-sized crushed gravel provides a stable surface.

Crushed limestone isn’t great for wheelchair access because the large particles obstruct easy access for wheelchair users. Pea gravels sit somewhere between the two. Here, the rocks are smaller than crushed limestone, but they are also more slippery than small crushed stones. 

Crushed, washed gravel packed and tamped adequately is also an option. Resin-bound gravels are the most accessible because they’re durable and have enough traction to prevent falls. They also don’t collect water on their surface.

To create a surface made of resin-bound gravel, simply lay crushed rocks and then seal them with resin. Self-binding rocks also keep together much like resin-coated options, adhering to one another as they are rolled over.

Pavers

Pavers are an excellent wheelchair-accessible garden path material, provided they are placed so each one is level.

Wood pavers have a rustic look. If they’re placed closely together, they can cover an area much like bricks. Because they’re permeable, they allow water to pass through them, rather than sit on the top, increasing the risk of slippage.

Wood pallets are also viable when placed in line to connect one area to another. They are permeable, and their simple design makes designing a pathway easy. But keeping them in place may be difficult.

Tiles have a high aesthetic value but could make a pathway treacherous due to their lack of permeability. Water that doesn’t absorb into the paver or trail off into a garden bed makes the path slippery.

Bricks and Stones

Smaller, modular pathway supplies are often the perfect solution for accessible pathways because they can easily shift with topography more immediately than something like wood slats, for instance.

Provided they are non-slip, bricks are one of the best materials for this purpose. Clay bricks not only respond effectively to changes in topography but are also textured to create a path that is slip-resistant. 

Place stones together for a cobblestone effect. Choose from granite, sandstone, or flagstone.

Flagstone is an interesting option for pathways that accommodate wheelchair users. While they don’t fit neatly together, if they’re appropriately leveled they can provide a stable and low-maintenance option for gardening with a wheelchair. Because they’re large, and roughly the same size, they allow pathways to curve and incline gently, rather than abruptly.

While round stones can be used, they’re often too slippery and bumpy for ease of access in a gardening space. Even when they’re recessed into the earth with sand, the amount of energy it takes to move a wheelchair over them is a deterrent for accessible movement. 

Boardwalk

Those who have a site with several trees and low-lying areas might consider a boardwalk design. The boards provide a smooth, permeable pathway and also grade up and down with topography efficiently. If you have the supplies and time to install a boardwalk, this is a very accessible format for mobility in the garden.

Ensure the boardwalk is oriented appropriately to garden beds, your working area, and that it includes railings to prevent falling off the edge. Boardwalks do require more maintenance though.

Concrete

Poured concrete is the smoothest of all the pathway types we’ve discussed so far. It’s also permeable and easy to navigate. If concrete is your go-to, design the pathway in whatever manner you please. It holds up over time and requires little maintenance.

There are some downsides to concrete. While it’s great as a sidewalk running in front of a house, it’s not the most natural-looking or eco-friendly option. Concrete can also damage the soil where it’s placed. Those who wish to work with more natural materials should opt for resin-sealed rocks or leveled flat stones. 

Sand and Mulch

The least preferable of all wheelchair-accessible garden path materials is mulch. The large particulates and give of a mulched pathway is difficult to move through with a wheelchair. Sand also has a lot of give. Plus, tracks that tread through the sand over and over can cause issues with erosion.

While sand or mulch lanes have a natural look and feel, they aren’t adequate materials for providing accessibility in a garden to persons in wheelchairs. They also require a lot of upkeep.

Synthetic Turf

Certain synthetic turf materials provide a natural look and feel without the give that comes with sand and mulch. The only downsides to synthetic turf are price and sustainability.

Bonded woodcarpet, for instance, has several layers of different materials to promote drainage. The top layer is made of compacted and bonded wood chips that stay together as they are moved over. Bonded woodcarpet won’t chip or become eroded from wheels, or feet.

Wheelchair-Accessible Garden Path Design

When you decide what pathway material you want to include in your gardening space, consider how your design will promote accessibility.

Size and Shape

The pathway should be wide, with enough space to accommodate people who use wheelchairs to get around. The width of your pathway should be at least three feet wide. Ideally, aim for five feet to accommodate the wheelchair itself, turning, and equipment.

A garden with a sharp corner at every turn presents challenges for people who use self-propelled chairs. That’s why walkways are better when they have curves rather than corners. Curved paths allow for gradual movement between the different focal points of a garden.

Ensure the planters and entryways you create don’t block a wheelchair, or the tools someone in a wheelchair may be carrying. Five feet accommodates the length of a shovel placed on the armrests of a wheelchair. 

Stability

Another factor to consider when designing gardens to accommodate a wheelchair user is stability.

Aside from the make of your pathway, it shouldn’t have a ton of texture or bumps that are difficult to move over. It also shouldn’t be made of something that easily erodes over time. You want something low-maintenance that holds up to the elements.

Ramps

The installation of ramps is an important part of the accessible design. Install a ramp to limit the challenges changing topography presents. Keep the surface smooth and ensure the site allows for ease of movement at the ground and above ground level.

Where the installation of a ramp is not possible, consider a zig-zagged path that allows access to spaces and beds at a higher elevation. 

Connections

How the raised garden beds connect to a house, a workspace, garden beds, hanging baskets, and even open spaces is the guiding principle of your design. While you may have visually pleasing materials at hand, the function of the design is most important.

For example, if you have to curve your trail around an open space with grass, or between raised garden beds and plants, a grid design might not be the best option.

When you generate ideas for your design, think about how people and the elements move through the garden. This will help you decide where certain raised beds, plants, and planters will go. It also determines how you’ll access bulk items like soil and compost. 

Watering

On a similar note, think about how to create enough room for watering plants too. Ensure the spigots are at a comfortable height.

If watering plants with an automatic irrigation system isn’t possible, ensure there are watering cans available. Having multiple cans nearby of varying sizes makes it possible for the entire family to join in. Smaller cans are great for kids, and larger ones can be handled by adults.

If you’re working with hoses practicing manual watering, ensure they don’t obstruct pathways or create tripping hazards. Keep watering cans, hoses, and irrigation system access at arm’s length. Also plant low-maintenance plants to reduce the energy needed to water them.

Rest

Stick a table or two along the pathways to give you, your family, and garden visitors a place to rest as you work within the space. The table is a space where you can set down tools, or tend to plants at a comfortable level.

Add a few chairs to the table, and hang some plants nearby, and you have a leisure space just off the pathway of your accessible garden. Or post the table right next to certain plants you appreciate because of their look, smell, or function. I love to sit near my pollinator garden to watch butterflies, moths, and bees flit between flowering plants, so that’s where I place my lawn furniture.

Providing a space for relaxation amidst the hard work is important too. 

Pathway Maintenance

One way to promote the efficacy of a pathway is to include edging along the border of the pathway in the installation. Using metal edging along curves keeps particulate like small rocks and base supplies like sand below flagstone in place and prevents erosion.

Pebbles and crushed stones need to be maintained every few years. Fill the pathway as the material degrades over time. Keeping the pathway free of weeds and obstructions reinforces its navigability.